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      <h1 class="post-title">Scrapy爬取数据保存mysql的方法</h1>
      
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        <time datetime="2018-08-30" class="post-time">
          2018-08-30
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            <a href="https://sundxfansky.club/categories/python/"> python </a>
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<ul>
<li>
<ul>
<li><a href="#版本">版本</a></li>
<li><a href="#使用同步传输">使用同步传输</a></li>
<li><a href="#使用异步传输">使用异步传输</a></li>
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    <div class="post-content">
      <p>使用scarpy构建自己的爬虫系统非常简单，本文给出了两种在爬取数据后将数据保存到数据库的方法.</p>

<p></p>

<p>其中分同步和异步两种方法将数据保存到数据库中，数据库使用mysql，笔者均没有对两种情况的传输方法进行测试。</p>

<h2 id="版本">版本</h2>

<p>python版本：3.6.5</p>

<p>scrapy 1.5.1</p>

<p>mysql 8.0.12</p>

<h2 id="使用同步传输">使用同步传输</h2>

<p>mysql同步传输</p>
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<pre class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pymysql</span><span class="c1">#python3版本的mysql的python驱动</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">twisted.enterprise</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">adbapi</span>


<span class="c1">#同步机制写入mysql</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MysqlPipeline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="c1">#前四个参数分别为数据库的 host user password name </span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">conn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pymysql</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;root&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;database_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">use_unicode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">()</span>

    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">process_item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">spider</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="n">insert_sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&#34;&#34;&#34;
</span><span class="s2">            INSERT INTO table_name(name1, name2, name3)
</span><span class="s2">            VALUES (</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">, </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">, </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">)
</span><span class="s2">        &#34;&#34;&#34;</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">insert_sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;name1&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;name2&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;name3&#39;</span><span class="p">]))</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">conn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">commit</span><span class="p">()</span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div>
<p>为同步传输方法，效率较低，对于有一定规模的系统而言不能满足要求</p>

<h2 id="使用异步传输">使用异步传输</h2>
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<pre class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pymysql</span><span class="c1">#python3版本的mysql的python驱动</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">twisted.enterprise</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">adbapi</span>


<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MysqlTwistedPipeline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dbpool</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dbpool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dbpool</span>

    <span class="nd">@classmethod</span>
    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">from_settings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">cls</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">settings</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="n">dbparms</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span>
            <span class="c1">#要在settings文件中给以下四个参数赋值</span>
            <span class="n">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">settings</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;MYSQL_HOST&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
            <span class="n">user</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">settings</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;MYSQL_USER&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
            <span class="n">password</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">settings</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;MYSQL_PASSWORD&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
            <span class="n">database</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">settings</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
            <span class="n">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="n">cursorclass</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">pymysql</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cursors</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DictCursor</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="n">use_unicode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">,</span>

        <span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="n">dbpool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">adbapi</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ConnectionPool</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;pymysql&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">dbparms</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">cls</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dbpool</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="c1"># 使用twisted 将mysql插入异步执行</span>
    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">process_item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">spider</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dbpool</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">runInteraction</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">do_insert</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">query</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addErrback</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">handle_error</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">spider</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># 处理异常</span>

    <span class="c1"># 处理异常</span>
    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handle_error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">failure</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">spider</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="c1">#在入库调试的时候可以在此处打断点，方便调试</span>
        <span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">failure</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="c1">#需要自己在item文件中重写get_insert_sql()函数，返回传入的sql语句与参数</span>
    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">do_insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="n">insert_sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">item</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_insert_sql</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">insert_sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div>
<p>使用异步的方法，效率较高，且可以轻松应对高并发的大规模爬虫程序，需要注意两点</p>

<p>1.需要在<code>settings.py</code>中设置好四个参数，如下：</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span class="n">MYSQL_HOST</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&#34;localhost&#34;</span>
<span class="n">MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&#34;article_spider&#34;</span>
<span class="n">MYSQL_USER</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&#34;root&#34;</span>
<span class="n">MYSQL_PASSWORD</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&#34;password&#34;</span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div>
<p>2.需要在自己的<code>items.py</code>中重写<code>get_inser_sql()</code>函数如下：</p>
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</span><span class="lnt">8
</span><span class="lnt">9
</span></code></pre></td>
<td class="lntd">
<pre class="chroma"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python">    <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_insert_sql</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="n">insert_sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&#34;&#34;&#34;
</span><span class="s2">                    insert into table_name(title, url)
</span><span class="s2">                    VALUES (</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">, </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">)
</span><span class="s2">                    ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE salary=VALUES(salary)
</span><span class="s2">                &#34;&#34;&#34;</span>
        <span class="n">params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&#34;title&#34;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&#34;url&#34;</span><span class="p">])</span>

        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">insert_sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">params</span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
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